Narrator: Of all the challenges confronting John Stevens, none was so urgent as the need for workers. He called them wrigglers. To speed the relocation along, he seized on an ingenious innovation -- a swinging boom mounted on a flatcar that could lift and move yards of existing track without first having to take it apart. By continuing to browse this site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. It's a great photo that really announced the key themes of the United States in the Canal Zone: peerless leadership, American industry, efficiency, technology. How would a ship travel across the Panamanian Isthmus? Jackson Lears, Historian: To Roosevelt, the notion of an isthmian canal is a key piece of the puzzle of world empire and a kind of providentially ordained world domination that the United States is meant to enjoy. At Panama, the antimalarial work was principally rural, located for 47 miles along the line of the railroad between Panama and Colon. Matthew Parker, Author: The idea of building a Panama Canal seized the imagination of the American public. Accuracy: History Channel's "Modern Marvels: Panama Canal" provides a nice summary of the history of the Panama Canal, from the dreams of early Spanish explorers, through the work of the … John T. Sughrue Matthew Parker, Author: He was called "Le Grand Francais." And internal hemorrhaging that would cause the black vomit or vomito negro which was terrifying. "I believe it was the consciousness of what would happen to the children," she wrote, "that kept me from going to pieces." The story was the same all over the canal zone -- malaria, dysentery, pneumonia. Historical Medical Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia God knows the French were arrogant. Jackson Lears, Historian: T.R. Watch the documentary or READ any of the books about the building of the Panama Canal. Julie Greene, Historian: The rains are coming down. And it worked and it saved thousands of lives, really was a huge part of what made the digging of the canal possible. No one knows." Barbados Museum and Historical Society The project comes to a standstill and Theodore Roosevelt goes nuts. Explore a timeline of events. Narrator: In early July 1905, an American steamship made its way toward the isthmus of Panama -- the narrow ribbon of land between North and South America, and the two largest oceans in the world. Many gave their life in the effort. Julie Greene, Historian: One of the most famous photographs ever taken of the United States president. Instead of fight against the Colombia, they just send bags of money to pay off all the Colombian troops to go back to Colombia, so this was a bloodless revolution. Narrator: It's been called one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World -- a manmade waterway, 50 miles long -- that forever altered the face of the earth. Narrator: By August 1906, the monthly tally of new yellow fever cases had fallen by nearly half, to 27. They didn't like working in Panama. Narrator: With the blessing and backing of Chief Engineer Stevens, Gorgas launched the most expensive public health campaign in history. Matthew Parker, Author: Gorgas had discovered that if you pour oil on top of the water, you smother the mosquito larvae. Roosevelt looked at this letter and was absolutely furious. American ingenuity and innovation had succeeded where the French had failed disastrously, but the U.S. paid a price for … Foster Film This was a potentially deal-breaking problem. There would be 60 or 70 shovels each with three or four trains. Like you see bits of men here, and the head yonder, all those picking it up for days. And so mosquito eradication can begin in earnest. To oversee the project on the ground, Roosevelt had selected a seasoned, seemingly unflappable 51-year-old engineer from Chicago named John Findley Wallace. Virginia Military Institute Archives Matthew Parker, Author: Stevens, when he'd done all his railway building in the United States, had mainly used Chinese labor. William Daniel Donadio, Canal Worker Descendent: He made the men that were building there feel like they were special people. And once the United States decided to build the canal in Panama, they tried to reach an agreement with Colombia. Jan 30, 2018 - Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. And Goethals basically pulled the plug on it. The canal goes from Panama City in the south towards Colón in the north, which is the narrowest place across Panama. Van Hardeveld Family He said he didn't like Panama. Big rocks going up in the air. Through the magic of 3D and IMAX cameras, audiences everywhere can take a mind-blowing trip through one of the seven wonders of the modern world in PANAMA CANAL 3D: A LAND DIVIDED A WORLD UNITED, revealing not only its vast scope, but plunging down into the locks and mechanical operations, boarding the giants sailing the Canal… What happens sometimes is somebody make a mistake and touch the wire and that guy is gone up too. I think Stevens was utterly exhausted. I hadn't yet seen the canal. Can someone give me a review about this episode or a web site with some refferances. This remarkable documentary tells its entire history. Exclusive corporate funding for AMERICAN EXPERIENCE is provided by Liberty Mutual. "It's a business trip. To Jan van Hardeveld, the canal zone now seemed infused with a sense of purpose. It was completed in 1914 and is one of the two most strategic artificial waterways in the world. There would be maybe 300 drills going. Skilled workers -- invariably white -- received their wages in gold; unskilled workers -- who were largely black -- in silver. And this was in very early days before many factories were electrified. There were fires, there was flooding, there was an earthquake. All four walls had bunk beds, three layers of bunk beds. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Archival Footage Courtesy of It was a kind of a polished-up segregation. Marlene Q. Moura The French had been the first to try. Matthew Parker, Author: When the Americans arrived in Panama, it was obviously clear that there had to be a medical officer. Carol R. Byerly, Historian: It used science and engineering and government to improve the country and really improve the world. Matthew Parker, Author Panama Fever, Post Production Facility It is safe for viewing by all ages. But during a posting in Havana, Gorgas had developed a new protocol. A Dutchman by birth, Jan was a newly-minted citizen of the United States, and a fierce champion of his adopted country. It didn't say black and white, but you understood that if you weren't a gold roller and you were a silver roller that you were on the black side. It's the first time an American president, while in office, leaves the United States. Paul Docherty Previous. Salamagundia Club Two weeks passed, then four. Panama Canal To see the Panama Canal in person is to dive deeply into that nation’s history. Slated to run from Colón, the harbor on the Caribbean, all the way south to Panama City on the Pacific, the canal would have to cut through dense jungle, across the flood-prone Chagres River Valley, and then through the steep mountain pass known as Culebra. I caught some of Jan's confidence in the man. Ginny Porrata My friend Gilberto Young sent me a copy of this documentary and while it is long, it is very thorough in the story of the Canal. "Why should we stay any longer?" Then her youngest, whom the family called "Sister," came down with a fever. This was the great, unfulfilled engineering challenge of the world. Went to Bridgetown to the transportation office and I signed up there for a trip to the Canal. But if anyone knew how to deal with a PR problem it was Theodore Roosevelt. Narrator: The canal's official opening was scheduled for August 15th, 1914. Sold by deboutique and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. Then it became known that the couple had quietly imported two metal coffins. Documentary diplomatic history of the Panama Canal by Diógenes A. Arosemena G., 1961 edition, in English You know, we are just now like the Europeans who grab land whenever they want. Julie Cresswell Read President Theodore Roosevelt's message to Congress after returning from the Canal Zone in Panama. Elizabeth Neily And what he came back -- when he came back to Barbados from Panama, he came back with white trousers, white jacket, gold teeth, Panama hat, a big smile and monies in their pocket. Overwhelmed and suffering from nervous strain, Wallace soon resigned his post. By June 1905, nearly three-quarters of the American labor force had fled the isthmus. Watch full episodes of your favorite HISTORY series, and dive into thousands of historical articles and videos. He goes about screening off patients so that mosquitoes cannot bite them and transmit their case of yellow fever. The Panama Canal is an artificial 77 km (48 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. Of the tens of thousands of West Indians who had come to Panama to build the canal, most simply returned home again, quite often with not much more money in their pockets than they'd had when they left. It was the first house built here by the French, and is marked "House Number One. But the successful completion of the Panama Canal had defined the United States to the world, and announced the arrival of a new power for the new century. In less than a decade, more than a billion francs -- about $287 million -- had been all but squandered. Gradually, it began to dawn on him: if he and his men built a sea level canal -- as the French had attempted to do, and Washington was now expecting -- the Chagres would menace its operation for more than half of each year. And all of this noise would reverberate off the walls. Marco A. Mason, Panamanian Council of New York: It's a story of inspiration. Marco A. Mason, Panamanian Council of New York: Whoever could connect and have the two seas -- the Atlantic and the Pacific -- will be the global power. Panama Canal on the history channel? They're gonna hold tens of millions of gallons of water. The "honor" which is continually being held as an incentive for being connected with this work, appeals to me but slightly. Comments are closed. The History of the Panama Canal. At 2pm, in a stunt devised by a newspaperman, President Woodrow Wilson was scheduled to push a button at his desk in the White House, releasing by telegraph a current that would blow up the Gamboa dike and send the waters of Gatún Lake rushing into the Cut. Helen R. DuBois Narrator: Though the Panama Canal was arguably his greatest legacy, Theodore Roosevelt never saw it once it was finished. All that was left to do was build it. In May, steam shovels number 222 and 230 dumped their last loads and met in the center of Culebra Cut. Matthew Parker, Author: If we arrived there now I think the first thing would strike us would be the noise. Matthew Parker, Author: The Americans had a very serious problem in that the white workforce were largely arriving and pretty much leaving straightaway. It will unite the two oceans, the Atlantic and the Pacific, and alter the course of the ships that sail upon them. It has to be experienced. It couldn't have been more different from the Panama Canal. Narrator: What Roosevelt called "one of the future highways of civilization" was now America's to control. There was continuous epidemic of yellow fever. With Goethals in charge, the Culebra Cut would become a round-the-clock operation, with as many as 6,000 men at work at any given time. And that was the birth of the nation of Panama. Matthew Parker, Author: Everything that could have gone wrong went wrong for the French at Panama. And more than anything, it was incredibly dangerous. É o maior e mais importante ponto de penhores de Las Vegas, que já está há três gerações na família Harrison. But today, it is too small. A triple column shot high in the center, turned, and gracefully fell to both sides like a fountain. Thousands of men were needed to cut brush, dig ditches, load and unload equipment and supplies. Over the months and years to come, millions of cubic yards of rock and earth would have to be loosened and dug and loaded and hauled away -- enough spoil, it was said, to build a Great Wall like China's, clear across the United States. Helen R. DuBois, Post Production American Experience: Panama Canal DVD,On August 15th, 1914, the Panama Canal opened, connecting the world's two largest oceans and signaling America's emergence as a global superpower. Keystone-Mast Collection, UCR/California Museum of Photography Who has absolutely no choice. Aided by the well-timed appearance of an American gunboat in the harbor at Colón, their revolution was over by sundown -- its sole casualties a foreign-born shopkeeper and a luckless donkey. 1 2. By Stevens' estimate, the two rigs would do the labor of 900 men working by hand. Frederick E. Allen, Editor, American Heritage: Although they were 80-some feet high they were so precisely balanced that they could be operated by a single 40-horse power motor. Not many yards to one side was the gash of the Cut, not very deep here. Theodore Roosevelt Association Films Colleciton/Library of Congress, Legal Services The Panama Canal has a long history which dates back to the early 16th century. As Rose remembered it, all the perks had their desired effect. The small waves lapped eagerly at the edge, as though the lake was also waiting to let go some of its overload of water. To me, they sounded like the howling of demons. No aspect of the construction compelled such fascination as the gargantuan locks -- the so-called "mighty portals to the Panama Gateway.". Jan van Hardeveld (Josh Hamilton): [Dear Rose,] the slowness of work would be discouraging, if I were not certain that our Government can and will accomplish whatever it sets out to do. Rose van Hardeveld (Carolyn McCormick): …with the darkness came noises so weird and uncanny as to make the flesh creep with the strangeness of it all. Bibliothéque Nationale de France There were dances on Saturday nights and baseball games on Sunday, more than three dozen churches, and scores of clubs and fraternal organizations -- the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen and the Odd Fellows, Sojourner's Lodge and the Knights of Pythias. Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Harvard College Library History. Frederick E. Allen, Editor, American Heritage: It's pretty amazing going through the locks. In 1534 a Spanish bureaucrat suggested a canal route close to that of the now present canal & shortly abandoned its interest in the canal. And then, there was Cut itself. On August 15th, 1914, the Panama Canal opened, connecting the world’s two largest oceans and signaling America’s emergence as a global superpower. And they approved $50,000 dollars. Narrator: By the time Goethals took over, the Americans had been in Panama for three years, and the bulk of the work still lay ahead. Narrator: For Stevens, the first order of business was to retool the Panama Railroad, which had been built in the 1850s and was by now so decrepit that he once described it as "two streaks of rust and a right of way.". Rose van Hardeveld (Carolyn McCormick): Your Papa is helping to build the big canal, the waterway that has been in the minds of men for centuries. I want to be able to tell people as much as I can about the canal.". Finally, the real work of building the canal was underway. With a flock of newspaper photographers hard on his heels, he marched up to one of the mammoth Bucyrus steam shovels, asked the operator to slide over, and hoisted himself into the driver's seat. Egbert C. Leslie, Canal Worker: I landed here on the 21st of January, 1907. Matthew Parker, Author: It would sail across the artificial lake, go through Culebra Cut which of course now didn't need to be cut out nearly so drastically, and then would descend again, in steps, down into the Pacific and away. The Panama Canal extends diagonally across the Isthmus of Panama from south-east to north-west, a distance of 42 miles from shore to shore. But Roosevelt had backed it, and Stevens was confident it could be done. This is the first time in American history where we start to think globally. And he arrived in Panama and he took a look around and he saw everywhere disillusionment and fear. A month later, the steam shovel men -- the backbone of the entire excavation effort -- went out on strike, demanding a wage increase of more than 40 percent. I grew careless last week and before I realized it, I was one sick hombre -- stomach out of order, and my blood full of malaria bugs… I'm taking no more chances than I can help of being sent home wrapped in a wooden overcoat. And after they get down to a certain depth they fill it with dynamite. Rose van Hardeveld had made her family whole again by coming to Panama. It ranks among the greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century. Take a boat through the Panama canal with this time-lapse video of the locks in action. Carol R. Byerly, Historian: Lambert appeals to Roosevelt's ego and he says, "This canal is your project and it's your choice." Walter LeFeber, Historian: He saw the canal essentially as the way to protect American interests, particularly American commerce. And actually one of the leaders of the canal commission tried to get him fired and replaced with a friend of his who was actually an osteopath with no experience of tropical medicine at all. With Frederick Allen, John W. Bowen, Carol R. Byerly, Granville Clarke. When he got to Panama, he saw that the workforce was mainly West Indian, and he didn't like or trust the West Indians at all. The construction of the Panama Canal, from the first failed attempt by the French through the successful completion by the United States under the stewardship of President Teddy Roosevelt, was one of the most amazing engineering feats of the last several hundred years. The Panama Canal Authority (Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, or ACP) claims that the canal expansion has created 30,000 new jobs, with approximately 7,000 tied directly to construction. Frederick E. Allen, Editor, American Heritage: Stevens realized that this was going to be a huge exercise in logistics. It was like the dance of the witches…. Josh Hamilton The house is an old one at Las Cascadas, the village where I am now working. It's a story of humanity. Dedicate enough time to check out exhibitions that reveal why the waterway was built here and how the route shaped Panama’s international profile. Narrator: For Jan and Rose van Hardeveld, the years in Panama had been an epic adventure. Now, on the threshold of the new century, the brash young country -- barely 100 years in existence -- was poised to become one of the world's great powers. Mr. Roosevelt flashed us one of his well-known toothy smiles and waved his hat at the children as though he wanted to come up the hill and say 'Hello!' Buddy Squires, Voice-over Artists Meanwhile, accidents and disease had claimed a staggering 20,000 lives -- most of them West Indians who had been imported to do the heavy labor. Getty Images The water to operate the lock system originates at the … The Atlantic and Pacific oceans were forever united. A month later, the count was down to just seven. Autoridad Del Canal De Panama Marco A. Mason, Panamanian Council of New York: When you're on the ship and you feel it rising up, you move and you feel it rising up, and you're witnessing what's happening. Directed by Stephen Ives. Many gave their life in the effort. I have always believed America could accomplish anything she set out to do. There was no labor guidelines. He'd overseen the construction of thousands of buildings, hired thousands of men, spent thousands upon thousands on new equipment and supplies. Samantha Chan We were crying, too. However, the Colombian constitution expressly forbids any sovereignty to be given away for any part of the country. And effectively this is what the Americans were demanding. The mountain didn't want to be crushed the way they did it, and the mountain fought back. William Fall Carlos E. Russell, Writer: The geographic location of Panama, the Isthmus of Panama, has always been coveted as a way of making the oceans meet. Mr. Sande's Blog. Throughout the summer and fall of 1905, he watched as the swollen river surged over its banks again and again, flooding the works all up and down the line. I hadn't yet seen no part of the operation until after I reached employment then I begun to realize what a stupendous affair this would be. This is what American power, technological know-how, determination, managerial organization, all of those things that Americans prided themselves on and still do to a certain extent, this is what it can do for the whole world. History of the Panama Canal. Nearly all of the victims were West Indians. Knowing that it was one of the biggest enterprise that the world had ever seen, and that they have participated in that. He had total power on the isthmus. Narrator: The answer was a lock canal -- a highly engineered, mechanized waterway that would solve the multiple problems of Panama all at once. The new Panamanian government authorized French businessman Philippe Bunau-Varilla, to negotiate a treaty with the United States. So there is this fascination with human triumph over adversity. © 2021 THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE. Rafael De La Uz He had essentially been driven insane by the whole experience in Panama. This film chronicles the remarkable story of what was the largest and most ambitious engineering project in history, in one of the most hostile environments on earth. Walter LaFeber, Historian: De Lesseps was broken. Jackson Lears, Historian: It was a symbol to Americans. The history of the construction of the Panama Canal is the saga of human ingenuity and courage: years of sacrifice, crushing defeat, and final victory. The Panama Canal is continuing to expand. From Washington, Theodore Roosevelt was watching. Among the passengers on board was Jan van Hardeveld, a 30-year-old engineer from Wyoming. Ride through the Panama canal with this time-lapse video of the locks in action. Narrator: By the time the Bucyrus shovels finally went back to work in July manned by new operators, Goethals had made his point. But there were not enough trains to haul the spoil away, and what trains there were kept running off the tracks. The United States was the number one industrial power in the world. By his estimate, the canal project would generate some 20,000 jobs in 1906 alone. Rose van Hardeveld (Carolyn McCormick): We saw him once, on the end of a train. Narrator: By the close of 1906, Stevens had a labor force of some 24,000 men at his disposal. When the CIA-supported Noriega … Now in order to fit the worlds' growing fleet of super ships, the Panama Canal … Major funding is provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. In the local stores, she remembered, "not one edible thing looked familiar," and she wound up feeding her children a steady diet of fruit, beans and soggy crackers. Narrator: In November 1904, under pressure from Washington, Wallace ordered excavation to begin at Culebra. The History Channel traz novos episódios da série que nos ajuda a pôr preço na história. What the Americans were doing with the canal, said one awed visitor, was "the greatest liberty ever taken with nature." Verite Producciones Roosevelt was determined that nothing would be hidden from him. In December, there were six more. None of them would be permitted to return to Panama. As time passed, there were other improvements as well: ice boxes and electricity and YMCA clubhouses -- built by the government and outfitted with card rooms, pool tables and libraries. "Mr. President," he wrote, "you have been kind enough on several occasions to instruct me to address you directly and personally and I will in this case. It rains so much that honest to goodness my hat is getting moldy on my head… I haven't had on a dry pair of shoes in weeks. History of the Panama Canal : Documentary on Building the Panama Canal (Full Documentary) or See amazing historical ancient Coins on Amazon The article History of the Panama Canal : Documentary on Building the Panama Canal (Full Documentary) See … Silver, Laski and Weisel, Insignia Films Directors Additional funding is provided by the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by public television viewers. Then, he traded the rail cars for open-sided flats fitted with a plow, which could empty a 20-car train in about 10 minutes. Answer Save. At the rate things were going, one worker guessed, the canal would not be finished for 50 years. Matthew Parker, Author: Stevens realized building a sea level canal would almost certainly condemn the American canal to failure just like the French. Special Collections Library, University of Michigan He arrived on the isthmus in late March 1907. More than once, she recalled, their commitment to the project had wavered. We saw Jan and the engineer in charge of the Cut shake hands. The Spanish people realized that a canal would be a great navigation solution which would simplify the movement of goods and people across the isthmus in Central America.Technical decisions and conclusions fell on creating one aquatic path through Panama while Nicaragua would host the other canal. Narrator: The Presidential vessel dropped anchor at Limon Bay on November 14th, 1906, an entire day ahead of schedule. In the eyes of most of the world, Panama was a miserable sinkhole -- a place synonymous with corruption, disease and death. And perhaps worst of all you've got the Chagres River, which is one of the most volatile rivers in the world. They were both crying. Of those, 5,000 were positions for skilled workers -- blacksmiths, carpenters, drill operators, plumbers -- and they were reserved for white U.S. citizens. No one spoke at all. "Slowly but surely my natural fortitude was giving way," Rose later wrote, "and I was becoming a nervous, fearful woman." Rose van Hardeveld (Carolyn McCormick): Her round face was pale, and the cold sweat stood out in beads all over her body. So this self-assertion by America was part of a certain kind of culture. TV-PG | 43min | Documentary, History | Episode aired 11 April 2015. And he decided to make it his life's work to battle this terrible disease. Panama Canal features a fascinating cast of characters ranging from the indomitable Theodore Roosevelt, who saw the Canal as the embodiment of American might and ingenuity, to Colonel William Gorgas, an army doctor who instituted a revolutionary public health campaign that all but eradicated Yellow Fever, to the visionary engineers who solved the seemingly impossible problem of cutting a 50-mile long slice through mountains and jungle. Will make Panama into a new way to protect American interests, particularly commerce... 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